Introduction to Urine analysis
1- Sample collection
Samples should be collected in clean sterile
container (preferred to be wide mouthed vessel)
2- Methods of collection
Mid stream of
urine is the best representative sample , avoid first stream of urine
types of
collection :
a- First morning sample:
it is the most concentrated urine sample, contain
usually mucous, pus and bacteria.
b- 24 hours sample :
the bladder emptied at specific time and urine of the
next 24 hours are collected
c- Mid stream sample : for routine urine analysis
d- Fasting specimen : used for glucose investigation
e- Catheterized urine sample : for
microbiological studies
3- Timing of examination :
Sample should
be examined within 1 hour of collection
( it is preferred to avoid storing urine in refrigerators to avoid
microbiological contamination and
decomposition of some constituents).
What happens
when you leave urine sample unexamined more than 1 hour ???
The urine
start to decompose, that may lead to :
-
RBC's lyse
-
Bilirubin &urobilinogen oxidize
-
PH changes
-
Depletion of glucose
-
Disappearance of casts
-
Side chemical reactions
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